Condition overview
The gallbladder is a small organ under the liver that stores bile. Gallstones can form when substances in bile harden. Many people have gallstones without symptoms, but stones can cause pain, inflammation or blockage of the bile ducts.
Symptoms
- Pain in the upper right or middle of the abdomen, often after meals
- Pain spreading to the back or right shoulder
- Nausea or vomiting
- Bloating or indigestion
Possible causes
- Excess cholesterol or bilirubin in bile
- Incomplete emptying of the gallbladder
- Family history
- Rapid weight loss
- Certain medical conditions
When to seek medical evaluation
- Severe abdominal pain lasting several hours
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes
- Fever with abdominal pain
In an emergency, go to the nearest hospital emergency department.
Diagnosis
An abdominal ultrasound is usually the first test. Blood tests check liver function and signs of infection. Further imaging such as MRCP may be advised if a stone in the bile duct is suspected.
Treatment options
Gallstones that cause no symptoms may not need treatment. When gallstones cause symptoms or complications, removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is the standard treatment.
Surgical options
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Removal of the gallbladder through small incisions using a camera.
Robotic cholecystectomy
Minimally invasive removal using a robotic system, for selected patients.
Open cholecystectomy
Used when a minimally invasive approach is not suitable or safe.
Most gallbladder operations can be performed laparoscopically. The appropriate technique is decided after clinical assessment.
Preparing for surgery
Blood tests and a pre-anaesthetic check are usually needed. Share your full list of medicines. You will be advised when to stop eating and drinking before surgery.
Recovery
Many patients go home within a day. Most people return to normal activities within one to two weeks. Your follow-up visit will be arranged before discharge.
Frequently asked questions
Can I live normally without a gallbladder?
Yes. Bile flows directly from the liver to the intestine. Most people do not notice a difference in digestion.
Can gallstones be dissolved with medicine?
Medicines are rarely effective and stones often return. Your surgeon will explain whether they are an option for you.
Do I need a special diet after surgery?
Most people return to a normal diet. Some find smaller, lower-fat meals more comfortable at first.
Information on this website is intended for general educational purposes and should not replace individual medical evaluation or professional medical advice.