A guide to how robotic and laparoscopic surgery work, what they may offer, and how the right approach is chosen for each patient.
Not every patient or condition requires robotic surgery. The appropriate technique is decided after clinical assessment.
In robotic surgery, the surgeon operates from a console next to the patient, controlling slim instruments and a high-definition 3D camera mounted on robotic arms. The robot does not act on its own; every movement is made by the surgeon.
In laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery, the surgeon inserts a camera and long, thin instruments through small incisions and operates while watching a screen. It is widely used for gallbladder, hernia, appendix and many gastrointestinal procedures.
A few small openings are made for the camera and instruments.
The arms hold the camera and instruments steady inside the body.
The surgeon views a magnified 3D image and controls each instrument.
A trained team stays with the patient throughout the operation.
Benefits vary between patients and procedures and are not guaranteed.
Your surgeon considers your condition, general health, previous abdominal surgery, body weight and the complexity of the procedure. For some patients, laparoscopic or open surgery is the safer or more appropriate choice.
| Robotic | Laparoscopic | Open | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incisions | Several small incisions | Several small incisions | One larger incision |
| View | Magnified 3D, surgeon-controlled camera | Magnified 2D or 3D on a screen | Direct view |
| Instruments | Wristed instruments controlled from a console | Long, straight hand-held instruments | Hand-held instruments |
| Typical recovery | Often shorter than open surgery | Often shorter than open surgery | Usually longer |
| Best suited to | Selected procedures after assessment | Many routine and advanced procedures | Complex cases or where keyhole is not suitable |
Preparation is similar to other keyhole operations: blood tests, a pre-anaesthetic check, a review of your medicines and fasting instructions. Bring all previous reports and scans to your consultation.
Patient ResourcesRecovery depends on the procedure. You will receive advice on wound care, pain relief, activity and diet before discharge, and a follow-up visit will be arranged to review your progress.
Educational AwarenessNo. The surgeon controls every movement of the instruments from the console throughout the procedure.
Like all surgery, it carries risks. Your surgeon will explain the risks and benefits for your specific procedure.
It is often more expensive than laparoscopic surgery. The hospital can provide an estimate for your procedure.
No. Many procedures are best done laparoscopically or by open surgery. The technique is decided after clinical assessment.
Bring your reports to a consultation to discuss the options for your condition.